Topics In Brief

United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues

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The Permanent Forum was established by United Nations Economic and Social Council Resolution 2000/20 on July 28, 2000. It was created as a mechanism to ensure the coordination and regular exchange of information on indigenous issues among governments, the United Nations, and indigenous peoples on an ongoing basis. Within the UN system it is currently the major international platform for dealing with specific indigenous questions.

Biblio, Statutes, Additional Etceterata
Biblography: 

 

  • Lola García-Alix, the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, (2004, IWGIA) 
  • S. James Anaya, International Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples (2009, Aspen)

 

Relevant Statutes: 

 

      Relevant International Instrument
  • United Nations Economic and Social Council Resolution 2000/20 (E/RES/2000/22) -http://www.un-documents.net/e2000r22.htm
Helpful Websites: 

 

  • International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs - http://www.iwgia.org/sw218.asp
  • United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues - http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/about_us.html
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Allotment

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Biblio, Statutes, Additional Etceterata
Biblography: 

 

  • Cases and Materials on Federal Indian Law (5th ed.), Chapter 4, Section A, by David H. Getches, Charles F. Wilkinson, and Robert A. Williams, Jr. (eds.), 2005
  • Kristen A. Carpenter, Contextualizing the Losses of Allotment through Literature, North Dakota Law Review, Vol. 82: 604
  • The Rights of Indians and Tribes: The Authoritative Guide to Indian and Tribal Rights, by Stephen L. Pevar, 2004
  • Meriam Report (Brookings Institute), 1928
Relevant Statutes: 

 

  • General Allotment Act, 24 Stat. 388, as amended, 25 U.S.C. Section 331-358 (GAA)
  • Indian Reorganization (Wheeler-Howard) Act of 1934, 25 U.S.C.A., Sections 461 et seq. (IRA)
Relevant Cases: 

 

  • Ex Parte Crow Dog, 109 U.S. 556, 3 S.Ct. 396, 27 L.Ed. 1030 (1883)
  • United States v. Kagama, 118 U.S. 375, 6 S.Ct. 1109, 30 L.Ed. 228 (1886)
  • Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 U.S. 553, 23 S.Ct. 216, 47 L.Ed. 299 (1903)
  • United States v. Sandoval, 231 U.S. 28, 34 S.Ct. 1, 58 L.Ed. 107 (1913)
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American Indian Religious Freedom Act

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Biblio, Statutes, Additional Etceterata
Biblography: 

 

Relevant Statutes: 

 

  • American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA), 42 USC 1996 (1978) and amendments
  • National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), 16 USC 470 (1966)
Relevant Cases: 
  • Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protection Association, 485 U.S. 439 (1988).
Helpful Websites: 

 

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Kennewick Man

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In July of 1996, while attending hydroplane races on the Columbia River near the town o Kennewick, WA, two young men found a human skull in the shallow waters along the river’s banks and promptly contacted the local coroner.  The coroner in turn contacted James C. Chatters, an archeologist.  Over the course of the next month, Chatters discovered an almost complete skeleton in the riverbed

Biblio, Statutes, Additional Etceterata
Biblography: 

 

Relevant Statutes: 

 

  • Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 USC 3001 et seq.
  • Administrative Procedures Act (APA), 5 USC 501 et seq.
  • Archeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA), 16 USC 470aa-470mm.
Relevant Cases: 
  • Bonnichsen v. United States, 217 F. Supp. 2d 116 (2004)
Helpful Websites: 

 

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United Nations Special Rapporteur on Indigenous People

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Biblio, Statutes, Additional Etceterata
Biblography: 

 

  • S. James Anaya,  International Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples (Aspen Publ. 2009)  
Helpful Websites: 

 

  • Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights website http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/indigenous/rapporteur/framework.htm
  • U.N. Special Rapporteur S. James Anaya website http://unsr.jamesanaya.org
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Customary Law and Indigenous People in Brazil

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Biblio, Statutes, Additional Etceterata
Biblography: 

 

  • SOUZA FILHO, Carlos Frederico Marés de. O Renascer dos Povos Indígenas para o Direito. Curitiba: 1998, Juruá Editora.
  • ARAÚJO, Ana Valéria et alii. Povos Indígenas e a Lei dos “Brancos”: o direito à diferença. Brasília, MEC/SECAD – LACED/Museu Nacional, 2006.
  • Villares, Luis Fernando (coord). “Direito Penal e Povos Indigenas”. Jurua Editora Curitiba: 2010.
  • Souza, Estella Libardi. “Povos indígenas e o Direito à diferença: do colonialismo jurídico à pluralidade de Direitos”. Universidade Federal do Para. http://www.nepe.ufsc.br/controle/artigos/artigo74.pdf accessed in November 30.
Relevant Statutes: 

 

  • Brazilian Constitution of 1988,
  •  ILO Convention 169
  • Statutory of Indian Act 6,001/1973, art. 57
  • UN Declaration on Indigenous  Rights
Relevant Cases: 

 

  •  Public Justice v. Basilio Salomao. Ação Penal no 920001334-1, da Justiça Federal de Roraima (2000)
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American Indian Probate Reform Act

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The American Indian Probate Reform Act (“AIPRA”) was signed into law in October 2004 and took effect in June 2006.  This Act is an amendment to the Indian Land Consolidation Act which was passed in 1983.  AIPRA made significant changes to the Indian probate system in an attempt to make the system less complicated, and also specifically sought to remedy the serious problem of “fractionation” of Indian trust lands.

Biblio, Statutes, Additional Etceterata
Relevant Statutes: 

 

  • American Indian Probate Reform Act of 2004, Public Law No. 108-374
  • Indian Land Consolidation Act of 1983, Public Law No. 97-459
  • 25 U.S.C. §§ 2201-2221
Helpful Websites: 

 

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Human Rights Regional Bodies

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Biblio, Statutes, Additional Etceterata
Biblography: 

Other relevant Overviews:

 

  • African Human Rights System
  • Inter-American Court of Human Rights
  • Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
  • Organization of American States
  • United Nations Treaty Bodies
Relevant Statutes: 

 

Major Documents:
 
  • The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
  • The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights
Helpful Websites: 

 

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The United Nations Treaty Monitoring Bodies

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Biblio, Statutes, Additional Etceterata
Biblography: 

 

  • International Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples, S. James Anaya (2009)
  • International Human Rights, Lillich, Hannum, Anaya, Shelton (2006)
Helpful Websites: 
  •  www.2.ohchr.org/english 
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The Organization of American States

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Biblio, Statutes, Additional Etceterata
Biblography: 

 

  • International Human Rights and Indigenous People, by S. James Anaya, (2009)
Relevant Statutes: 

Major Documents:

 

  • American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
  • American Convention on Human Rights
  • Charter of the Organization of the American States
Relevant Cases: 

 

  • Advisory opinions, decisions and judgments and compliance with judgments can be found on the OAS website:  oas.org.
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